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Betraying Spinoza_ The Renegade Jew Who Gave Us Modernity

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From Publishers Weekly
This biography of 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza (16321677) may seem out of place in the Jewish Encounters series, devoted to Jewish thinkers and themes, because Spinoza denied the importance of Jewish identity, and Amsterdams Jewish community expelled him for heresy. But Goldstein, author of The Mind-Body Problem and Incompleteness and a professor of philosophy, reconstructs Spinozas life and traces his metaphysics to his efforts to solve the dilemmas of Jewish identity. The philosopher grew up in a community of Jews who had fled the Spanish-Portuguese Inquisition. As Goldstein argues, Spinozas determination to think through his communitys tragedy in the most universal terms possible compelled him to devise a unique life for himself, insisting on secularism when the concept of it had not yet been conceived. For Spinoza, salvation lay in achieving the radical objectivity of pure reason, which dissolves the contingent facts of ones personal history and religious and ethnic identity. Spinozas effort to live as neither Jew nor Christian nor Muslim was unthinkable in the 17th century, but his arguments for political and religious tolerance were forerunners for the U.S. Constitution. In this admirable biography, Goldstein shows that Spinoza is paradoxically Jewish, [f]or what can be more characteristic of a Jewish thinker than to use the Jewish experience as a conduit to universality?


Review
Beautifully crafted. What seem like separate issuesSpinozas pioneering advocacy of complete freedom of thought in religious matters; the turmoil in the Jewish community; the fateful events in Amsterdam in the closing years of Spinozas life; the philosophical developments of the seventeenth century; Spinozas idea of a philosophical religion utterly purged of all anthropomorphism, even to the extent of denying that God is a person in any sensecome together as if by themselves (the sure sign of a fine artist!) to answer my puzzle: how to understand Spinoza the human being, a man for whom reason itself was a kind of salvation.
Hilary Putnam, New York Observer


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